Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country known for its golden pagodas, lush landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. But what truly defines the soul of the nation is its incredible diversity. Home to over 135 officially recognized Myanmar ethnic groups, the country is a living mosaic of languages, traditions, clothing, and beliefs.

Who Are the Myanmar Ethnics?

Myanmar ethnics refer to the various indigenous ethnic groups that make up the population of Myanmar. While the Bamar (Burman) majority accounts for around two-thirds of the population, dozens of minority groups such as the Shan, Karen, Kachin, Chin, Mon, Rakhine, and Kayah enrich the country's cultural landscape.

These Myanmar ethnic groups are not just cultural identities — they each carry their own languages, festivals, cuisine, and customs that are deeply rooted in history and region.

🌏 The 8 Major National Races of Myanmar

Each of these consists of many sub-ethnicities.

1. Bamar (Burman)

• Largest group; dominant in ce.ntral Myanmar
• Subgroups: Taungyo, Danu, Intha, Yaw, Zedi

2. Chin

• Inhabit Chin State and western hills.
• Subgroups: Asho, Cho, Khumi, Laimi, Mizo, Zomi, Zotung, Matu, and more.

3. Kachin

• Northeastern Myanmar.
• Subgroups: Jinghpaw, Rawang, Lisu, Lachid, Zaiwa

4. Kayah (Karenni)

• Mostly in Kayah State.
• Subgroups: Kayan (including Padaung), Geba, Yinbaw, Zayein

5. Kayin (Karen)

• Eastern Myanmar near Thai border.
• Subgroups: Sgaw, Pwo, Bwe, Pa-O (sometimes grouped separately)

6. Mon

• Southeastern Myanmar.
• One of the oldest ethnic groups in the region.

7. Rakhine (Arakanese)

• Western Myanmar, especially Rakhine State.
• Culturally similar to Bamar, with distinct traditions and dialect.

8. Shan

• Large population in eastern Myanmar (Shan State).
• Subgroups: Tai Yai, Tai Leng (Red Shan), Tai Laeng, Tai Khamti, Tai Nuea, Tai Lue

🌿 Other Notable Ethnic Groups and Minorities

Though not listed among the major 8 national races, many ethnic minorities also exist:

• The Rohingya (primarily Muslim, living in Rakhine State – not officially recognized)
• The Akha (found in eastern hills, often near Thai/Laos borders)
• The Lahu (highland dwellers in Shan State)
• The Wa (autonomous region in northeastern Shan State)
• The Kokang (ethnic Chinese group in Shan State)
• The Naga (northeastern hills, also in India)
• The Gurkha/Nepali (descendants of migrants, often in the north)
• The Chinese and Indian communities (especially in cities like Yangon, Mandalay, and Lashio)

🧵 Cultural Richness of Myanmar Ethnics

Each of these groups has unique:

• Languages or dialects
• Traditional dress
• Folk music and dance
• Festivals and spiritual beliefs
• Artisan skills (weaving, silverwork, lacquerware, etc.)

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